The group has the priority goal to establish a bridge between hypotheses, methods and results from a theoretical approach to neutral human genetic diversity and evolution through time and space, integrating this information in clinical and forensic contexts. This symbiosis is mandatory in the analyses of non-recombining genetic markers, like mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y-chromosome, for which it is extremely difficult to disentangle between neutral and pathological diversities. We will pursuit in a detailed characterisation of worldwide genetic diversity for the uniparental markers and in the design of studies of complex phenotypes, namely fertility and longevity. Besides the obvious population and clinical genetic challenges, these studies bring new questions in biostatistic and bioinformatic fields